Lymphocytes at war

Paxos at war

The optimistic latency of Byzantine Paxos can be reduced from three communication steps to two, without using public-key cryptography. This is done by making a decision when more than (n + 3f)/2 acceptors report to have received the same proposal from the leader, with n being the total number of acceptors and f the number of the faulty ones. No further improvement in latency is possible, becaus...

Medical women at war, 1914-1918.

Women had a long and difficult struggle before they were allowed to obtain a medical education.' Even in 1914 the Royal Free was the only London teaching hospital to admit them and some universities (including Oxford and Cambridge) still held out against them. The cost of a medical education continued to be a major obstacle, but at least there were enough schools by then to ensure that British ...

Women at War: An Evolutionary Perspective

David Oliver: Is the NHS at war?

What else could explain such repeated economy with the truth from health ministers and the Department of Health’s own “war information ministry” (or press office) when discussing NHS funding, efficiencies, and services? And the supposedly independent NHS England does too little to challenge the misinformation. Propaganda includes confident but incredible assertions and denials, the burying of i...

Tug of war at the exit door.

The lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate has been identified as a key exit signal for lymph nodes. In this issue of Immunity, Pham et al. (2008) show that its action can only be understood in the context of retention signals transduced by CCR7.